a ring. Stalks and foliage of R. gallica character. York and Lancaster: Bush 6 feet and more. Bloom smaller, pink and white, much less striking in coloring; stamens irregular. Foliage and stalks of R. damascena character. See Bunyard, Old Garden Roses, Plate 11, opposite page 63, for comparison of foliage; Plate 23, opposite page 104, for comparison of blooms. Rosa Mundi has been called York and Lancaster. Mr. Bunyard bases his distinction on the authority of Parkinson and the early writers.
     R. alba also grows tall (even to 10 feet) but is more arching, its green stalks having scattered, hooked prickles, all about the same size. The bluish green oval to round leaflets are smooth above, pubescent beneath, with stipules broad, gland-ciliated, with triangular tips. Flowers of the type are white and pinkish, fragrant, flat in shape, with a longer calyx-tube than Gallica or Centifolia and sepals quite compound and decorative. Inflorescence is a few in a corymb. Varieties run into shades of pink. R. alba flore-pleno, "Rose of the House of York," is in many old gardens.

     The remaining bush roses having low-set stigmas and included styles may be distinguished by their prickles. Thus--Prickles infrastipular in pairs--R. microphylla and R. cinnamomea flore-pleno, the Cinnamon rose.
     Prickles many, scattered, unequal--R. spinosissima (Scotch) and R. lutea foetida (Austrian briers).
     Prickles scattered, uniform--R. rubiginosa or Eglanteria (Sweetbrier).
     Prickles dense, sharp, straight, unequal--R. rugosa. .

     R. microphylla has its large infrastipular prickles in pairs, ascending on stalks with grayish bark and on young green shoots, below 11 to 15 small, smooth leaflets with narrow stipules. The very flat pink blooms have a densely aciculate calyx-tube and compound sepals. The hip is a peculiar, depressed-globose, large fruit having a thick skin covered with real prickles and crowned with the leathery, deeply toothed dried sepals; often called the "Burr rose."
     Cinnamon rose, Rose de Mai, has its infrastipular prickles in pairs on brown stalks, growing 5 to 6 feet high, arching and very hardy. Leaflets are usually 5, softly pubescent on both sides with a stipule having very wide-spreading open tips. The irregularly full, pale red blooms come in small clusters; have leafy sepals, short stems, and large bracts.
     Either here or under Gallicae is placed R. francofurtana, the Frankfort rose, a cross of Cinnamomea and Gallica, called R. turbinata because of its top-shaped calyx-tube which is covered with red hairs, or called R. inermis because there are no prickles (or very few) on its flowering shoots. The pedicels of the blooms in a corymb, are densely hispid, with red hairs. Leaflets in the type are 5 to 7 but in some varieties are 7 to 9, thin, pubescent, especially beneath. The bush is tall and arching. Flowers are suggestive of Gallica roses, double or full, quite large, in shades of pink and are often fragrant.
     Scotch roses and the Austrian Briers both have copious, scattered slender, straight prickles, with more aciculi of unequal length in the Scotch. Scotch roses have 7 to 9 leaflets, small, glabrous, simply serrate, often tinted with rose-red. Austrian Briers have 5 to 7 small leaflets, doubly serrate, pubescent beneath. Stipules differ. Scotch roses have ovate free tips on a stipule without glands, while the Austrian roses have lanceolate free tips on gland-ciliated stipules.